添加 install-docker-cn.sh
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install-docker-cn.sh
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327
install-docker-cn.sh
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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set -euo pipefail
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# 教学用：在中国地区自动安装 Docker Engine
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# 功能：
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# 1) 识别系统类型 (Debian/Ubuntu, RHEL/CentOS/Alma/Rocky, Fedora)
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# 2) 自动挑选国内可用且尽量更快的 Docker 下载镜像
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# 3) 通过官方 get.docker.com 脚本安装（并传入镜像环境变量）
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# 4) 可选：为 Docker Hub 配置一个国内 registry mirror（若 daemon.json 不存在则写入）
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# 5) 启动并开机自启，当前用户加入 docker 组
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if [[ ${EUID:-$(id -u)} -ne 0 ]]; then SUDO="sudo"; else SUDO=""; fi
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# 可选参数：
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# --no-registry-mirror 跳过为 Docker Hub 写入 registry-mirrors
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# --force-mirror 即使已有 daemon.json 也强制写入/更新 registry-mirrors（优先 jq 合并，不在则备份后覆盖）
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# --mirror "URL1,URL2" 自定义镜像加速器列表（逗号或空格分隔）
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# --max-attempts N 下载镜像尝试次数（默认 5）
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DISABLE_MIRROR=0
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FORCE_MIRROR=0
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CUSTOM_MIRRORS=""
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MAX_ATTEMPTS=5
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while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
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case "$1" in
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--no-registry-mirror) DISABLE_MIRROR=1; shift ;;
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--force-mirror) FORCE_MIRROR=1; shift ;;
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--mirror) shift; CUSTOM_MIRRORS="${1:-}"; shift ;;
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--max-attempts) shift; MAX_ATTEMPTS=${1:-5}; shift ;;
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-h|--help)
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cat <<USAGE
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用法: $0 [选项]
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--no-registry-mirror 跳过为 Docker Hub 写入 registry-mirrors
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--force-mirror 强制写入/更新 registry-mirrors（有 jq 则合并，无 jq 则备份后覆盖）
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--mirror "URL1,URL2" 指定一个或多个加速器，逗号/空格分隔（默认自动测速选择）
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--max-attempts N 下载镜像尝试次数（默认 5）
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-h, --help 显示帮助
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USAGE
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exit 0
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;;
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*) warn "忽略未知参数：$1"; shift ;;
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esac
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done
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log() { printf "[INFO] %s\n" "$*"; }
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warn() { printf "[WARN] %s\n" "$*" 1>&2; }
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err() { printf "[ERR ] %s\n" "$*" 1>&2; }
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need_cmd() { command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1; }
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install_prereqs() {
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if need_cmd curl && need_cmd awk; then return 0; fi
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if command -v apt-get >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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$SUDO apt-get update -y || true
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$SUDO apt-get install -y curl ca-certificates gnupg lsb-release awk || true
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elif command -v dnf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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$SUDO dnf install -y curl ca-certificates gawk || true
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elif command -v yum >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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$SUDO yum install -y curl ca-certificates gawk || true
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fi
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if ! need_cmd curl; then err "缺少 curl，请手动安装后重试"; exit 1; fi
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if ! need_cmd awk; then err "缺少 awk，请手动安装后重试"; exit 1; fi
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}
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detect_family() {
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local id like
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id=""; like=""
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if [[ -r /etc/os-release ]]; then
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. /etc/os-release
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id=${ID:-}
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like=${ID_LIKE:-}
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fi
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case "$id" in
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ubuntu|debian|raspbian) echo debian; return;;
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fedora) echo fedora; return;;
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centos|rhel|rocky|almalinux|ol|anolis) echo rhel; return;;
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esac
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if [[ "$like" =~ (debian) ]]; then echo debian; return; fi
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if [[ "$like" =~ (rhel|centos|fedora) ]]; then echo rhel; return; fi
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echo unknown
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}
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pick_fastest_download_base() {
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# 返回：Name|DOWNLOAD_URL （REPO_URL = ${DOWNLOAD_URL}/linux）
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# 支持通过环境变量 EXCLUDE_URLS（用空格分隔）来排除已失败的地址
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local -a candidates=(
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"Aliyun|https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce"
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"Tsinghua|https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce"
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"USTC|https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce"
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"Huawei|https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce"
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"Official|https://download.docker.com"
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)
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local best_name="" best_url="" best_time="999999"
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local item name url code time http_and_time skip
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for item in "${candidates[@]}"; do
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name="${item%%|*}"; url="${item#*|}"
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skip=0
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for ex in ${EXCLUDE_URLS:-}; do [[ "$url" == "$ex" ]] && skip=1 && break; done
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[[ $skip -eq 1 ]] && continue
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http_and_time=$(curl -m 4 -L -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code} %{time_total}" "${url}/linux/") || true
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code="${http_and_time%% *}"; time="${http_and_time#* }"
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[[ -z "$time" ]] && time="999999"
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if [[ "$code" =~ ^2 ]] || [[ "$code" =~ ^3 ]]; then
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log "镜像可用：$name $url (${time}s)"
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if awk -v t="$time" -v b="$best_time" 'BEGIN{exit (t < b) ? 0 : 1}'; then
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best_time="$time"; best_url="$url"; best_name="$name"
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fi
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else
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warn "镜像不可用：$name $url (HTTP $code)"
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fi
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done
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if [[ -z "$best_url" ]]; then
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warn "未探测到可用镜像，使用官方：https://download.docker.com"
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best_name="Official"; best_url="https://download.docker.com"
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fi
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printf "%s|%s\n" "$best_name" "$best_url"
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}
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pick_fastest_registry_mirror() {
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# 返回：Name|URL ；挑选 Docker Hub 加速器
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local -a mirrors=(
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"Tencent |https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"
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"USTC |https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
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"1PanelP |https://dockerproxy.1panel.live"
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"1Panel |https://docker.1panel.live"
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"1PanelX |https://docker.1panelproxy.com"
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"1Proxy |https://proxy.1panel.live"
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"NetEase |https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
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"Proxy |https://dockerproxy.com"
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)
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local best_name="" best_url="" best_time="999999"
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local item name url code time http_and_time
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for item in "${mirrors[@]}"; do
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name="${item%%|*}"; url="${item#*|}"
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http_and_time=$(curl -m 4 -L -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code} %{time_total}" "${url}/v2/") || true
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code="${http_and_time%% *}"; time="${http_and_time#* }"
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[[ -z "$time" ]] && time="999999"
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if [[ "$code" =~ ^2 ]] || [[ "$code" =~ ^3 ]] || [[ "$code" =~ ^4 ]]; then
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log "Hub 加速器可用：$name $url (${time}s)"
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if awk -v t="$time" -v b="$best_time" 'BEGIN{exit (t < b) ? 0 : 1}'; then
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best_time="$time"; best_url="$url"; best_name="$name"
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fi
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else
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warn "Hub 加速器不可用：$name $url (HTTP $code)"
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fi
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done
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if [[ -z "$best_url" ]]; then
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warn "未探测到可用 Hub 加速器，将不写入 registry-mirrors"
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return 1
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fi
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printf "%s|%s\n" "$best_name" "$best_url"
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}
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# 返回按速度排序的可用加速器（空格分隔）
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pick_registry_mirrors_sorted() {
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local -a urls=(
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"https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"
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"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
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"https://dockerproxy.1panel.live"
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"https://docker.1panel.live"
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"https://docker.1panelproxy.com"
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"https://proxy.1panel.live"
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"https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
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"https://dockerproxy.com"
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)
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local lines="" u http_and_time code time
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for u in "${urls[@]}"; do
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http_and_time=$(curl -m 4 -L -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code} %{time_total}" "$u/v2/") || true
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code="${http_and_time%% *}"; time="${http_and_time#* }"
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[[ -z "$time" ]] && time="999999"
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if [[ "$code" =~ ^2 ]] || [[ "$code" =~ ^3 ]] || [[ "$code" =~ ^4 ]]; then
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log "Hub 加速器可用：$u (${time}s)"
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lines+="$time $u\n"
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else
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warn "Hub 加速器不可用：$u (HTTP $code)"
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fi
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done
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if [[ -z "$lines" ]]; then return 1; fi
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printf "%s" "$lines" | LC_ALL=C sort -n | awk '{print $2}' | tr '\n' ' '
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}
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mirrors_to_json_array() {
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# 输入：以空格分隔的镜像 URL 列表；输出：JSON 数组字符串
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# 例："https://a https://b" -> ["https://a","https://b"]
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local arr=($1)
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local out="["
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local i
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for ((i=0;i<${#arr[@]};i++)); do
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out+="\"${arr[$i]}\""
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if (( i < ${#arr[@]}-1 )); then out+=","; fi
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done
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out+="]"
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printf "%s" "$out"
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}
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ensure_service_started() {
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if command -v systemctl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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$SUDO systemctl daemon-reload || true
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$SUDO systemctl enable --now docker || $SUDO systemctl start docker || true
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elif command -v service >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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$SUDO service docker start || true
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else
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warn "未检测到 systemd/service，尝试直接后台启动 dockerd"
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if need_cmd dockerd; then nohup $SUDO dockerd >/var/log/dockerd.log 2>&1 & fi
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fi
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}
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post_install() {
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local target_user
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if [[ -n "${SUDO_USER:-}" && "${SUDO_USER:-}" != "root" ]]; then
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target_user="$SUDO_USER"
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else
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target_user="$(id -un)"
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fi
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$SUDO groupadd -f docker || true
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if [[ "$target_user" != "root" ]]; then
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$SUDO usermod -aG docker "$target_user" || true
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log "已将用户 $target_user 加入 docker 组（重新登录后生效）"
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fi
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}
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main() {
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install_prereqs
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local family
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family=$(detect_family)
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if [[ "$family" == "unknown" ]]; then
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warn "未识别的系统，仍尝试安装（若失败请改为手动仓库方式）"
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else
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log "检测到系统族：$family"
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fi
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local chosen name base_url
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local tmp_script
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tmp_script=$(mktemp /tmp/get-docker.XXXXXX.sh)
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log "下载官方安装脚本 get.docker.com ..."
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if ! curl -fsSL -m 30 https://get.docker.com -o "$tmp_script"; then
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err "下载 get.docker.com 失败，请检查网络或稍后再试"
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exit 2
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fi
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# 循环尝试：每次挑选当前最快镜像，失败则加入排除列表并继续
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local attempt=1 success=0
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EXCLUDE_URLS=""
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while [[ $attempt -le $MAX_ATTEMPTS ]]; do
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chosen=$(pick_fastest_download_base)
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name="${chosen%%|*}"; base_url="${chosen#*|}"
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log "第 ${attempt}/${MAX_ATTEMPTS} 次安装尝试：$name -> $base_url"
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if DOWNLOAD_URL="$base_url" REPO_URL="$base_url/linux" sh "$tmp_script"; then
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success=1
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break
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else
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warn "使用镜像 $base_url 安装失败，切换下一个镜像重试"
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EXCLUDE_URLS="$EXCLUDE_URLS $base_url"
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attempt=$((attempt+1))
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fi
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done
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if [[ $success -ne 1 ]]; then
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err "所有镜像尝试均失败，请检查网络或改用手动仓库方法"
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exit 3
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fi
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# 配置 registry mirror（支持自定义/强制覆盖/跳过）
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if [[ $DISABLE_MIRROR -eq 0 ]]; then
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local mirror_list=""
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if [[ -n "$CUSTOM_MIRRORS" ]]; then
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mirror_list="$(echo "$CUSTOM_MIRRORS" | tr ',' ' ')"
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log "使用自定义加速器：$mirror_list"
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else
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if mirror_list=$(pick_registry_mirrors_sorted); then
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log "写入测速排序后的加速器列表：$mirror_list"
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else
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warn "未找到可用加速器，跳过写入 registry-mirrors"
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fi
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fi
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if [[ -n "$mirror_list" ]]; then
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local json_arr
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json_arr=$(mirrors_to_json_array "$mirror_list")
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$SUDO install -d -m 0755 /etc/docker
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if [[ -f /etc/docker/daemon.json ]]; then
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if command -v jq >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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local tmpf
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tmpf=$(mktemp)
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if $SUDO jq --argjson arr "$json_arr" '."registry-mirrors"=$arr' /etc/docker/daemon.json > "$tmpf" 2>/dev/null; then
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$SUDO mv "$tmpf" /etc/docker/daemon.json
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log "已用 jq 更新 /etc/docker/daemon.json 的 registry-mirrors"
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else
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warn "jq 更新失败，跳过更新（可使用 --force-mirror 覆盖）"
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rm -f "$tmpf" 2>/dev/null || true
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fi
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elif [[ $FORCE_MIRROR -eq 1 ]]; then
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local bak="/etc/docker/daemon.json.bak-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)"
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$SUDO cp /etc/docker/daemon.json "$bak"
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warn "未检测到 jq，已备份旧配置到 $bak，并覆盖写入 registry-mirrors"
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$SUDO sh -c "cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json" <<EOF
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{
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"registry-mirrors": $json_arr
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}
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EOF
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else
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warn "/etc/docker/daemon.json 已存在，为避免破坏现有配置未写入。可用 --force-mirror 或预装 jq 后重试。"
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fi
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else
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$SUDO tee /etc/docker/daemon.json >/dev/null <<EOF
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{
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"registry-mirrors": $json_arr
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}
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EOF
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fi
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fi
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else
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log "按参数要求跳过 registry-mirrors 配置"
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fi
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ensure_service_started
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post_install
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log "安装完成！建议执行："
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printf " docker version\n"
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printf " docker run --rm hello-world\n"
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}
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main "$@"
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user